Sovereign debt is a financial liability of a national government. Sovereign debt usually refers to bonds which are denominated in foreign currencies.

Relative Vigor Index was developed to determine the direction of the prevailing trend. The behavior of the indicator is based on a simple idea that closing prices are significantly higher than opening prices in the bullish market and lower in the bearish market.

The People’s Bank of China (PBOC)is the monetary policy and financial institution regulator for the People’s Republic of China.

Swiss National Bank, the central bank of Switzerland.