The process of radically changing the protocols on a blockchain where the developers determine that changes must be made to a cryptocurrency that will create incompatibilities between the old and new coin. All the users or nodes must upgrade to the up-to-date version of the software.

The amount of crude oil, gasoline, and distillate in a country.

Measures the monthly sales of previously-owned single-family houses.

An exchange rate between two currencies derived from their corresponding rates with a third currency. As a rule, the term refers to a currency pair which does not contain the US dollar.