The Bank of England was incorporated by act of parliament in 1694. Less widely known is the fact that for the first 40 years after its foundation in 1694 the Bank did not have its own building and that Threadneedle Street is the third site on which the Bank’s business has been transacted. This exhibition marks the 250th anniversary of the move to Threadneedle Street in 1754 and the building of the first ‘Bank’ on this famous site. The nickname, “The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street” first appeared in print in James Gillray’s cartoon published in 1797 during the wars against Revolutionary France. The Government had been making continued demands upon the Bank for gold, which led ultimately to the Bank being forced to suspend payment of its own notes in gold and the issue of £1 and £2 notes for the first time. Until 1844 when the Bank Charter Act gave the BoE exclusive rights to issuing the bank notes.
The BoE was nationalised after World War Two and has been setting the UK’s interest rate since 1997. Following the 2007 – 2008 financial crisis, the responsibilities of the Bank of England have expanded. The government introduced new regulatory frameworks aimed at creating a much stricter regulatory framework for the financial services industry. Under the Financial Services Act of 2012, created the Financial Policy Committee – which identifies, monitors and acts on systemic risks to the UK financial system – and Prudential Regulation Authority, which is responsible for the supervision of banks, building societies and major investment firms.
With Britain’s exit from the European Union, the Bank of England played a more active role. Although the UK, like other countries, is not subject to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank – as it does not use the euro – the BoE will still need to control any fiscal consequences of leaving the Union, such as inflation and the collapse of the pound.